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The Gilgel Gibe III Dam is a 243 m high roller-compacted concrete dam with an associated hydroelectric power plant on the Omo river in Ethiopia. It is located about northwest of Arba Minch in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region. Once fully commissioned, it will be the third largest hydroelectric plant in Africa with a power output of about 1870 Megawatt (MW), thus more than doubling total installed capacity in Ethiopia from its 2007 level of 814 MW.〔Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation:(Gibe III Hydroelectric Project Official Website ), accessed on May 7, 2012〕〔Energy Information Administration:( Ethiopia Energy Profile ), accessed on October 27, 2009〕 The Gibe III dam is part of the Gibe cascade, a series of dams including the existing Gibe I dam (184 MW) and Gibe II power station (420 MW) as well as the planned Gibe IV (1472 MW) and Gibe V (560 MW) dams. The existing dams are owned and operated by the state-owned Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation, which is also the client for the Gibe III Dam. The US$1.8 billion project began in 2008 and began to generate electricity in October 2015. The remaining generators would be operational by 2016. The project has seen serious delays; in May 2012, full commissioning had been scheduled for June 2013.〔Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation:(Gibe III Hydroelectric Project Official Website ), accessed in May 2012〕 Local and international environmental groups expect major negative environmental and social impacts of the dam and have criticized the project's environmental and social impact assessment as insufficient. Because of this and accusations that the entire approval process for the project was suspect,〔BBC News:(The dam that divides Ethiopians ), March 26, 2009, accessed on October 17, 2009〕 funding for the full construction cost has not yet been secured, as the African Development Bank has delayed a decision about a loan pending a review of the dam's environmental impact by its compliance review and mediation unit which in August 2009 accepted a call from NGOs for such a review.〔Ethiofact.com:(AfDB to probe Ethiopian dam project ), 4 August 2009, accessed on December 20, 2009〕 In August 2010 Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi vowed to complete the dam "at any cost", saying about critics of the dam that "They don’t want to see developed Africa; they want us to remain undeveloped and backward to serve their tourists as a museum."〔News Business Ethiopia:(Meles Vows to Complete Gibe III Dam at Any Cost ), 11 August 2010, accessed on 18 September 2010〕 ==Design== The Gilgel Gibe III Dam is and high roller-compacted concrete dam. It withholds a reservoir with a capacity of and a surface area of , collecting with a catchment area of . The reservoir's live (active or "useful") storage is and dead storage . The normal operating level of the reservoir is above sea level with a maximum of and minimum of . The dam's spillway is long and floodgate-controlled with a maximum discharge capacity of . Water above above sea level can be discharged through its gates. Feeding the dam's power house are two penstocks that each branch into five separate tunnels for each individual turbine. The power house contains ten 187 MW generators supported by Francis turbines for a total installed capacity of 1,870 MW. The initial design of the dam foresaw a rock-fill dam. However, due to difficulties with obtaining proper and sufficient insurance coverage for the rock-fill dam, the design has been changed to roller-compacted concrete. The rock-fill design has been criticized by an independent feasibility study submitted to the African Development Bank in 2009. In particular, the study questioned the structural stability of the dam, saying that the risk of a catastrophic failure was "not insignificant".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gilgel Gibe III Dam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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